太陽能光伏發電系統的分類介紹

根據不同場合的需要，太陽能光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)一般分為(wei)獨立供電(dian)的光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)、并網光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)、混合型光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)三種(zhong)。

1.獨(du)立供(gong)電(dian)的光伏(fu)發電(dian)系統

整個獨立供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)由太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、控制(zhi)器、逆變(bian)器組成(cheng)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板作(zuo)為(wei)系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)核心部分，其作(zuo)用是(shi)將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)直(zhi)接轉換為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)形式的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，一般只在(zai)白(bai)天(tian)有太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光照的(de)(de)情況下輸出能(neng)量(liang)。根據負載的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，系統(tong)一般選(xuan)用鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)儲能(neng)環節，當(dang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)大于(yu)負載時(shi)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同(tong)時(shi)對負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。控制(zhi)器一般由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和最大功率(lv)點跟蹤控制(zhi)組成(cheng)。逆變(bian)器的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei).與交流(liu)負載同(tong)相的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2.并網光伏發電(dian)系(xi)統

目前，常用的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)結構形式，其不(bu)(bu)同之處(chu)在于(yu)是否帶有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)儲能(neng)環(huan)節。帶有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)稱(cheng)為(wei)可(ke)(ke)調度式并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，由(you)于(yu)此系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中逆變器配有(you)(you)主開關(guan)和重要(yao)(yao)負(fu)載(zai)開關(guan)，使(shi)得(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，這對于(yu)一些重要(yao)(yao)負(fu)荷甚(shen)至某些家庭用戶來說(shuo)具有(you)(you)重要(yao)(yao)意義。此外(wai)，該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)還可(ke)(ke)以充當功率調節器的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，穩定電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)、抵消有(you)(you)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)高次諧波分量從而提高電(dian)能(neng)質量。不(bu)(bu)帶有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)稱(cheng)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)調度式并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，在此系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)逆變器將太陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板產生的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)能(neng)轉化為(wei)和電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)同頻、同相的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)能(neng)，當主電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)斷電(dian)時(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)自(zi)(zi)動停(ting)止向(xiang)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)供電(dian)。當有(you)(you)日(ri)照(zhao)照(zhao)射、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)能(neng)超過負(fu)載(zai)所(suo)需時(shi)，多余的(de)(de)(de)部分將送往電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)；夜間(jian)當負(fu)載(zai)所(suo)需電(dian)能(neng)超過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)產生的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)能(neng)時(shi)，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)(zi)動向(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)補充電(dian)能(neng)。

3.混合(he)光伏(fu)發電系統(tong)

混合型光伏發電系(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)區別于(yu)以上兩個系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)處是增(zeng)加了一臺備用發電機組，當光伏陣列發電不(bu)足或蓄電池(chi)儲量不(bu)足時，可(ke)以啟動(dong)備用發電機組，它(ta)既(ji)可(ke)以直接(jie)給交流(liu)負載供電，又可(ke)以經整流(liu)器后給蓄電池(chi)充電，所以稱為混合型光伏發電系(xi)統(tong)。